The application of neuroimaging technology in psychiatric research has revolutionized clinical neuroscience perspectives on the pathophysiology of the major psychiatric disorders. Research using a variety of types of neuroimaging techniques has shown that these conditions are associated with abnormalities of brain function, structure and receptor pharmacology. These data also corroborate the conclusions reached from genetic, endocrine, and clinical pharmacology research involving these disorders to suggest that under the current nosology the major psychiatric disorders likely reflect heterogenous groups of disorders with respect to pathophysiology and etiology. Despite the invaluable leads that the neuroimaging studies have provided regarding the neurobiological bases for psychiatric disorders, they have yet to impact significantly the diagnosis or treatment of individual patients.